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Locomotion and Movement
Biology · Class 11NCERT pp. 217–2272 sets × 25 questions
Key facts and formulas for Locomotion and Movement, three worked sample questions, and two full practice sets. Every question has a hint, a reason for every option and a step-by-step solution, with a calculator or animation where one helps. English and Hinglish.
Key facts for this chapter
| Idea | Rule or fact |
|---|
| Sarcomere | Z line to Z line: half I band, one A band, half I band. H zone and M line lie in the A band |
| During contraction | I band and H zone shorten, Z lines come closer, A band stays the same |
| Thin filament | Two F-actin strands, two tropomyosin, troponin at intervals |
| Thick filament | Myosin: tail (LMM) and head with arm (HMM, ATPase, actin binding) |
| Contraction order | Neuron signal, acetyl choline, action potential, Ca++ release, Ca++ binds troponin |
| Fibre types | Red: much myoglobin, aerobic. White: little myoglobin, much SR, anaerobic |
| Skeleton counts | Skull 22 (8 cranial, 14 facial); vertebrae 33; appendicular 126; 12 pairs of ribs |
| Ribs | Pairs 1 to 7 true, 8 to 10 vertebrochondral, 11 and 12 floating |
| Joints | Fibrous (sutures), cartilaginous (vertebrae), hinge (knee), pivot (atlas, axis) |
| Disorders | Myasthenia gravis autoimmune, tetany low Ca++, gout uric acid, osteoporosis low oestrogen |
Three sample questions
Q1. Consider these statements.
I. Every locomotion is a movement.
II. Every movement is a locomotion.
III. The cilia of Paramoecium serve both movement and locomotion.
Which are correct?
- I and II only
- I and III only
- II and III only
- I, II and III
Hint and solution
Hint: Locomotion means the whole body changes place. Ask whether a blink or a heartbeat moves the animal from one place to another.
- Locomotion = movement + change of place — Locomotion is a movement in which the whole body moves from one place to another. So every locomotion is a movement. Statement I is true.
- Blinking: movement, no locomotion — Blinking, a heartbeat or moving a finger are movements without change of place. So statement II is false.
- Paramoecium cilia: both — In Paramoecium the cilia help in food movement into the gullet and also in swimming. So III is true.
- I and III are correct — Only I and III are true, so the answer is the option with I and III only. Option B.
Answer: B. Blinking is a movement but not locomotion, so II is wrong.
Q2. Match the type of movement with where it occurs.
Column I: a. Amoeboid; b. Ciliary; c. Flagellar; d. Muscular
Column II: (i) Trachea; (ii) Spermatozoa; (iii) Macrophages; (iv) Jaws and limbs
- a-(i), b-(iii), c-(ii), d-(iv)
- a-(iii), b-(ii), c-(i), d-(iv)
- a-(iv), b-(i), c-(ii), d-(iii)
- a-(iii), b-(i), c-(ii), d-(iv)
Hint and solution
Hint: Link each type to its moving structure: pseudopodia, cilia, flagellum, muscle fibres. Then ask which cell or organ uses it.
- Amoeboid → pseudopodia → macrophages — Amoeboid movement uses pseudopodia formed by streaming of protoplasm, as in Amoeba and macrophages. So a matches (iii).
- Ciliary → cilia → trachea — Ciliated epithelium of the trachea moves dust and mucus out. So b matches (i).
- Flagellar → sperm; Muscular → jaws, limbs — Sperm swim with a flagellum, so c matches (ii). Jaws and limbs move by muscles, so d matches (iv).
- a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv — The combination a-(iii), b-(i), c-(ii), d-(iv) is the last option. Option D.
Answer: D. Macrophages show amoeboid movement; tracheal cilia sweep dust; flagella move sperm; muscles move jaws and limbs.
Q3. Which muscle is striated, involuntary and has branching cells?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Visceral muscle
- Smooth muscle of the gut
Hint and solution
Hint: Striated and involuntary together is a rare pair. Think of the one muscle that works day and night without our control.
- Striated + involuntary + branched = ? — List the three clues: cross striations, no voluntary control and branching cells.
- Skeletal: striated, voluntary — Skeletal muscle is striated but voluntary, so it is out. Smooth muscles are involuntary but not striated, so they are out too.
- Cardiac: all three — Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and shows all three features, with intercalated discs joining the cells.
- Answer: cardiac muscle — So the muscle is cardiac muscle. Option A.
Answer: A. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
How to use this chapter
Read the NCERT pages first, then attempt Set 1 without the hints. Note every wrong answer in a mistake list, read the reason for each option, and retry Set 2 two days later. A topic is solid when you can say why each wrong option is wrong.